Rabbi Howard Morrison

Many of our religious observances are conducted indoors - in our homes and in our synagogues. We generally do not like to create a public spectacle of our religious experiences. We behave modestly and try not to call attention to ourselves when we perform Mitzvot.

There are some exceptions to this ideal. On Chanukah, it is a particular Mitzvah to publicize the miracle by placing our Chanukiyot where they can be seen by passerby.  Sukkot also has some aspects of taking our religious observances into the public square. Most of us are familiar with the practice of eating our meals and perhaps even sleeping in the Sukkah. However, this is not what I refer to in terms of a Sukkot public practice. After all, for many of us, the Sukkah is still private, as it is constructed in the privacy of a backyard or patio.

The Talmud records the custom in ancient Jerusalem where people carried their Lulavim into the street when they went to synagogue, when they visited the sick, and when they went to comfort mourners. Even today, many Jews carry their Lulavim in public. But the origin of why is quite amazing!

On Sukkot, we want to convey a message to the general public. In ancient Jewish life, the Lulav and Etrog were symbolic of weapons. The Lulav is likened to a spear, and the Etrog is likened to a pellet. They indicate that we are proud of our heritage, and that we are prepared to fight for the honor of our Torah, of our people, of our land, and our very existence. 

Sukkot is an important reminder that being proud Jews entails a public stance. If we do not stand up for ourselves, who will stand up for us? For most of us, we prefer to think of the four species as symbolic of agricultural gifts, as symbols of Jewish unity, as representations of the human body. While these metaphors are all true, perhaps this year in particular we need to associate the four species as defensive weapons; that we will defend ourselves when we are attacked; that we will never go down like a lamb at the altar. Sadly, but true, Israel has recently had to show us and the world through example the willingness to stand up assertively when certain nations and terror groups want to eradicate not only Israel but the existence of the Jewish people. 

We are in the midst of remembering the English anniversary of October 7^th 2023, which has come and gone, and its Hebrew anniversary of Shemini Atzeret-Simchat Torah, just over a week away. The Lulav and Etrog serve as great reminders for lessons learned.

Chag Sameach,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

Judaism is not an ostentatious religion. We are not meant to show off our wealth. In the Middle Ages, sumptuary laws prohibited the bride's parents from spending more on the wedding than the poorest family in town.

Whenever possible, we try to beautify the Mitzvot since they symbolize our love for God and our heritage. Without going broke or being boastful, we try to get a nice Mezuza, nice Tefillin, a nice Etrog, etc. 

This concept is called Hidur Mitzvah, beautifying the objects used for observing Mitzvot. The Biblical basis comes from the phrase, "Zeh Aili V'Anvehu - This is my God whom I shall glorify." This statement originates in the Song of the Sea.

When it comes to Sukkot, many people go out of their way to find the choicest Etrog. In the Torah, it is called, "Pri Etz Hadar - fruit of beautiful trees." Notice that the word, "Hadar" appears as a description of the Etrog. Years ago, a film called "Ushpizin" showed a religious Jew who almost broke his bank on purchasing the finest Etrog he could find. He went way beyond the norm of "Hidur Mitzvah."

In my own experience, I beautified my celebration of Sukkot when I purchased my own four species in Israel during the rabbinical school year of 1983-4. I went to an olive wood factory in Mea Shearim and purchased a nice wooden Etrog box with symbols of Israel painted on it. It replaced the cardboard box which came with the Etrog purchase. 

While basic Mitzvah observance is fine enough, the ability to beautify our Mitzvot is encouraged, as long as we bring no economic harm to ourselves or those who are dear to us.

Chag Sameach,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

There are many themes associated with Sukkot. Commonly known are the Mitzvot regarding the Sukkah, the four species, and a season of rejoicing.

One of the lesser-known themes is the fact that each day during Sukkot we read a small section from the book of B'Midbar-Parshat Pinchas. In ancient Temple based times, the Israelites brought 70 sacrifices over the seven days of Sukkot, bringing one less on each successive day. Thus, 13 were brought on day 1; 12 were brought on day 2, etc.

In the ancient world, there was a notion that there were 70 nations in the world other than Israel. Whereas Yom Kippur emphasized personal prayers of repentance, and whereas Shemini Atzeret will focus on the special bond between God and the Jewish people, Sukkot is the holiday of the Jewish people expressing concern for the nations of the world. It is no accident that when countries have coped with natural and health disasters that Israel is among the first nations to send in first responders and experts.

It is ironic and even tragic that when Israel is subjected to awful forms of hatred that almost none of the vast nations comes to Israel's side, especially over the last twelve months. While we Jews may be disappointed at the lack of moral clarity from others, we Jews must never lose our own sense of moral clarity. We must continue to express a universal concern even when others do not.

I wish you all Chag Sameach,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

Yom Kippur, the holiest day of the Jewish calendar, is different this year after the tragic and horrific events of last October 7^th and its aftermath to this very day. For many of us, how will we sit through the vastness of these prayers, passages about acts wrongdoing and consequences for misbehaviors? There are so many empty chairs this year - Families who lost loved ones -  innocent civilians on October 7th; families who lost loved ones -  first responders and IDF personnel on October 7th; families who lost civilians, security officers and military personnel after October 7th; families who have lost loved ones around the globe, here in Canada, from surging acts of anti-Jewish and pro-Hamas hatred; and the list goes on and on.

Anger and grief are filling empty chairs this year. People, young and old, who could be asking for forgiveness are not present to ask for forgiveness. Many of us who are sitting in shul are questioning the whole thesis of asking for forgiveness from God this year.

One of the most difficult prayers of the High Holy Days, one which is recited on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, is the U'Netaneh Tokef - "Let us recount the power of the holiness of this day." The poem is said to be from the 11^th century. It may even go back to the Byzantine era, between the 4^th and 7^th century. Its words are terrifying: "All that lives on earth will pass before You like a flock of sheep . . . You will review and number and count, judging each being, determining the fate of everything in creation, inscribing their destiny." 

The poem then lists a series of gruesome ways to die:  "Who will live a long life and who will come to an untimely end; who will perish by fire and who by water; who by sword and who by beast; who by hunger and who by thirst, who by earthquake and who by plague."

Should we sit in shul and listen to this frightful recital knowing that beautiful, kind, and loving people - sons and daughters, fathers and mothers, siblings and other relatives, dear friends- did nothing to deserve their untimely end?

Perhaps we could opt out. Stay home reading a novel, or going for a walk. How can we use the "U'Netaneh Tokef" prayer to reflect on significant matters this year?

When the prayer was written, the death of a child or anyone from disease was commonplace. Likewise, death from natural disaster was commonplace. The pandemic of a few years ago brought us back to a place of the plague of a disease. The tsunamis, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados and the like have brought us back to a place of the plague of natural disaster. 

Now, such references as "who by sword; who by wild beast" have brought us to a place of renewed violence and terror, unprecedented since the days of the Shoah, two generations ago.

Yom Kippur is a proper day to reflect, even without having answers. The prayer "U'Netaneh Tokef" - "Who shall live and who shall die, and by what form?" fits many of the themes of this day.  

Consider the Torah reading which begins with the inexplicable deaths of two children, Nadav and Avihu, the sons of Aaron.

Consider the martyrology section of Musaf today which begins with the words, "Eleh Ezkerah  - These I remember." I/We remember ten famous Sages who died horrific deaths and the hands of the Romans. Many congregations, like ours, supplement whom we remember with other chapters of Jewish history, including those who perished in the Shoah. This year, we remember 1200 precious souls who died on one single day, October 7, 2023 - Shemini Atzeret in the Diaspora and Simchat Torah in Israel, and we remember hundreds if not thousands more who have perished in the last year.

Consider the most famous part of the Yom Kippur day service which fills every seat of this sanctuary, the recitation of Yizkor, when each of us remembers precious loved ones in the context of our personal historical experience. Our Yizkor today is uniquely different given the past twelve months:

The infant in its mother's arms - We remember

The one sacrificed on the bed - We remember

The families wrapped in each other's arms in a final embrace at home, who were killed and set afire - We remember

The life partners who sat and cried a final tear in the safety shelters - We remember

The parents killed hiding their children beneath their own bodies - We remember

Those who were out for day trips and were murdered on the road - We remember

The children and young innocents who were slaughtered before their time - We remember

The parents murdered in front of their loved ones - We remember

The innocents dancing their final dance - We remember

The peace-loving youngsters who were viciously captured, raped, and killed - We remember

The cyclists on a never-ending trip - We remember

The vacationers in their tents, in the desert, or on the beach - We remember

The foreign workers who remained alongside their elders - We remember

The agricultural workers from around the world - We remember

The elders and founders - We remember

The musicians whose music went silent - We remember

The artists whose works remain forever incomplete - We remember

The passers-by who encountered evil - We remember

The philosophers whose last page will never be written - We remember

The security forces, and the Police, and the town security teams, and the military observers, and the IDF:

who fought a few against many

Who stood and delivered

Who saved lives

 And who fought till the bitter end, ensuring more innocents survived -

WE REMEMBER!

I conclude by returning to the U'Netaneh Tokef prayer. While little or nothing we do can actually change that which is not in our control, the prayer ends with the words:

"U'Teshuva U'Tefila U'Tzedaka Maavirin Et Roa Ha'Gezerah - But repentance, prayer, and acts of righteousness enable us to endure the sting of the decree."

Gmar Chatima Tova,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

Today, October 7th, marks the one-year anniversary of the worst tragedy in contemporary Jewish history since the Shoah. While we ordinarily commemorate Jewish occasions on their Hebrew date, it is noteworthy that we remember on both, October 7, and the Hebrew date of the horrors, Shemini Atzeret-Simchat Torah. I share with you the English translation of a special El Maleh Rachamim - Memorial prayer composed by the Shalom Hartman Institute in Israel for this day. We will have recited it in Hebrew and in English at morning services:

"God of compassion, 

In a universe that lacked compassion

Grant tender rest

Beneath the wings of the Shekhinah.

In the broken spheres of human radiance

To the souls of each and every of the injured 

And the violated in the horrors

of the pogrom of October 7.

For the fear

That fell upon each man and woman,

elders, youth, and children;

our mouths do not know how to scream

Or put into words.

For we lament and mourn 

For them, for us,

Because of this our hearts are faint

because of these our eyes grown dim

Woe to us, for we are broken

Woe, for our homes were shattered

Our souls and bodies tormented

And our faces darkened. 

Therefore, Compassionate One

Reveal our torment to the world and for all time

And from one end of the earth to the other

May the silenced voices utter:

Guard our souls in the Land of Life

For life is our heritage

May we come in peace to healing

Please God, heal all the injured.

Please God, heal the families and caretakers.

Please God, hear and heal us all.

And let us say, Amen."

Rabbi Howard Morrison

With the new year of 5785, I am beginning my twenty-fifth year with you at Beth Emeth. One of the best decisions in my life was accepting your invitation to move here with my family in the Summer of 2000. My boys, Elie and Yonah, were six and two respectively when I stood here on Rosh Hashanah a quarter of a century ago. Now, my young men, here in shul today, are 30 and 26. Elie is a meteorologist living in New York city, and Yonah intends to soon start a career as an air traffic controller in the United States.

For many years, my younger sister, Andrea, has joined us on Rosh Hashanah. I am thrilled that she is here today. On this Rosh Hashanah, my siblings and I are observing the twenty-fifth Yahrzeit of our dear mother, Helen Morrison. We remember her every day. May her memory always be for a blessing.

At a young age, my mother explained to me the derivation of my name. I am named Avraham Tzvi in Hebrew and Howard Bradley in English, in memory of my maternal great grandfather, Harry Abraham, who was Avraham Tzvi. Years ago, Andrea showed me his burial plot in Massachusetts. How did this Avraham Tzvi become Howard Bradley and not Harry Abraham? My mother preferred Howard over Harry. In the 1960's, Howard was a popular name. Now the dilemma for my mother - The initials of Howard Abraham Morrison would spell HAM, not very appropriate for a religious Jewish boy who would later become a rabbi. If you remove the "A" from Abraham, the next three letters are "B.R.A." thus BRADLEY. Nevertheless, my Hebrew name begins with Avraham for the middle name of my great grandfather, Abraham.

As we know, the very first Abraham-Avraham was our first patriarch and the founder of our faith, heritage, and history. It is interesting to note that while Rosh Hashanah commemorates the creation of the world, the Torah readings for both days take us back to the creation of the first Jewish family, Abraham and Sarah, four thousand years ago. The Talmud teaches us that God remembered Sarah's infertility on Rosh Hashanah. Our ancient tradition also teaches us that Abraham underwent ten divine tests upon being selected to parent a new faith and peoplehood. the tenth test is the most famous and which is the Torah reading for the second day of Rosh Hashanah, the binding of Isaac.

Today, I want to focus on one of the other tests experienced by Abraham, the founding patriarch of our people. It is a test that established his virtue at the outset of our history and which is relevant today as well. 

One of the more unusual stories is that of the battle of the kings. There were four kings from the West who fought five kings from the East. As a child reading this particular story, I always thought of it as being comparable to a professional wrestling battle royale, the likes of which one watches on WWE. However, in the serious truthfulness of this Biblical narrative, the kings from the East captured Lot, Abraham's nephew, and Lot's family, taking them as hostages.

News of Lot's capture reached Abraham, who was deeply concerned for his nephew's safety. Despite the risks, Abraham gathered a small army, three hundred and eighteen of his own men, and set out to rescue Lot. 

We should remember that some time earlier, Lot's shepherds had quarreled with Abraham's shepherds, resulting in the permanent separation of these two segments of a single family. Regardless of internal differences, there was no doubt that a Hebrew, to be called a Jew in later history, was going to do everything possible to save and protect a member of his family and peoplehood.

With determination and courage, Abraham and his men pursued the enemy kings. In a surprise attack, they defeated the enemy forces and rescued Lot and the other hostages. 

The Midrash, ancient rabbinic commentary, elaborates on Abraham's bravery in rescuing Lot and his cunning strategy. The Midrash portrays Abraham as a skilled warrior. It suggests that Abraham was an expert in military tactics and devised a clever plan to defeat the powerful kings who captured Lot. Abraham must have been an expert tactician since his 318 men were probably not a match for the various kings and their greater armies. Other Midrashim emphasize that Abraham's success in the battle was due to Divine intervention.

The story of Abraham and the war of the kings and the modern war between Israel and Hamas are distinct historical events separated by millennia. While both involved conflict and force, drawing distinct parallels between these two situations can be challenging. But there is some merit in lessons that can be learned. After all, we have the expression, "Maaseh Avot Siman Labanim - The deeds of the fathers are a sign for the children." This ancient rabbinic notion reflects the idea that the actions and behaviors of one's ancestors or predecessors can serve as a guide or lesson for future generations.

By studying the actions and consequences of past generations, individuals can learn from their successes and mistakes, and apply those lessons to their own lives. What moral and ethical lessons can we learn from Abraham rescuing his nephew/hostage Lot to today's conflict with Hamas holding over 100 hostages almost one year later?

1. Pikuach Nefesh - The saving of life. This is a fundamental concept of Jewish tradition and ethics. It implies that saving a life takes precedence over almost all other religious commandments. 
2. Justice and Righteousness - The Torah emphasizes the pursuit of justice and righteousness. "Tzedek Tzedek Tirdof - Justice, justice, shall you pursue," says the Torah. Rescuing hostages can be seen as a manifestation of these values, as it involves freeing the unjustly oppressed, and upholding justice.
3. Pidyon Shevuyim - Redeeming of captives. Jewish law underscores the importance of rescuing captives/hostages whenever possible. The story of Abraham rescuing Lot is the first such story in the Torah which emphasized how important it was to rescue one's kin and restore them to safety.
4. Moral courage - Through the story of Abraham, the Torah encourages us to exhibit moral courage and take action when we witness injustice or the suffering of others. We cannot stand idly by and do nothing, another Mitzvah stated explicitly in the Torah. 

This past May, twenty-one of us from Beth Emeth journeyed to Israel on a solidarity mission to offer support in the wake of October 7^th and its aftermath. On this Rosh Hashanah of 5785, each of us and every Jew around the world enters the new year with grief,anger and sadness over what has transpired in Israel, here in Canada, and in many Jewish communities around the world. Many of us sit today in shock over the way Israel and the Jewish people have been targeted and attacked by people who we thought were friends, by evil enemies of the Jewish people, by hired outsiders to spread their venom, and even by echelons of government. 

Except for we the Jewish people and very few others, the world has turned a blind eye to what transpired on October 7, to the plight of hostages who were kidnapped on that day, and for the unknown whereabouts of over a hundred precious people right now. Every day, we pray for the hostages and sing Am Yisrael Chai with fervor and passion. Last May, our Beth Emeth delegation visited among other places the Nova Festival site and hostage square. We also met and heard Rachel Goldberg-Polin when she and her son, Hersh, were the beacons of our hope. Today, I dedicate my remarks to the hostages who have been rescued, to the hostages who have perished, and to the hostages for whom we still pray. Thus, I have shared a Torah lesson about the very first hostage situation in Jewish history, when Abraham's nephew, Lot and family were taken hostage, and how Abraham responded.

Our tradition provides us with a moral ethical framework for approaching our overwhelming challenges today. When we read about Abraham rescuing his nephew Lot and his extended family who were taken hostage, let us take note of the lessons to be learned. Yes, we need to have expert tacticians who know how to fight and win. At the same time, we also need to have Divine intervention and guidance. May the same God who helped Abraham fight and win during his ancient battle of the kings help Am Yisrael win the battle against terrorism, and safely bring back our hostages. 

Am Yisrael Chai!!!!!!

I wish us all Ketiva v'Chatima Tova,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

This past week, a number of us helped to change all the Torah mantles to white in preparation for the High Holy Days. Already, we have begun to roll some of the Torahs to their proper places for reading on Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Sukkot, and the like. It seems like almost every day for the upcoming month, we will be reading from the Torah.

This was not always the case. In fact, if we observed the Torah literally without any interpretation or historical development, our services would be much shorter. In our double portion today, we learn that every seventh year during Sukkot did Moses read the Torah before all of Israel. This public reading was called "Hakhel," an all-out gathering for men, women, and children. It is not clear what was actually read in those Biblical times. Suffice to say, if the Torah were read only once every seven years, would it have any staying power upon us?

When the Jews returned to Israel from Babylonia after the first exile and prepared for the second Temple period, Ezra the scribe, the forerunner of the ancient rabbis, legislated that the Torah would be read on Shabbat,  Monday and Thursday. Thus, the Torah would be read three times a week. Why Monday and Thursday? Those were public market days in the period of Ezra. In later Talmudic history, the Sages compared the Torah to water, both being sources of life. Just as the Israelites never went more than three days in the desert without water, so too, we should never go more than three days without a formal reading of Torah. Do the math Monday/Thursday/Shabbat; we never go more than three days without Torah, and that is without intervening holidays.

During the early Talmudic period, Babylonian practice was to read the entire Parsha every Shabbat. In ancient Israel, the Torah was read over a three-year period. It would take three weeks to read a single Parsha. Contemporary liberal synagogues which read on a triennial basis do not adhere to the ancient practice in Israel. A modern system was devised for such congregations. When the Parsha was read in antiquity before the era of books in the pews, a Gabbai on the side of the Torah reader was called a "Meturgeman." He translated and interpreted the Biblical Hebrew into Aramaic, the language that Babylonian Jews knew as their vernacular. Thus, the Torah was not meant to be read robotically, but to be studied, understood, and analyzed. These days, we are blessed with various books containing all sorts of commentaries from the past to the present. We should perpetually be challenged and inspired to find new insights in our age-old words and passages.

Years ago, I attended a discussion on how to abbreviate a service if necessary. I remember one colleague quoting a teacher who said - If the words of the prayers are our words to God, and the words of the Torah are God's words to us, where would you abbreviate if necessary? I have always been a proponent of reading the whole parsha each and every Shabbat.

Over the next few weeks, we will conclude the final portions in the Five books of the Torah. We will also insert thematic selections for the Yom Tov season. Soon enough, on Simchat Torah, which will mark the anniversary of October 7th, we will begin to read the Torah anew. It has been quite a year since we concluded and began anew the Torah last Fall. Our hope and prayer, as we enter the new year and a new cycle of holy days, is that the next Torah reading cycle will be filled with peace and well-being for all of Israel and Jews around the world. May we follow the weekly portions more devoutly in the coming year and glean new insights to refine the purpose of our lives.

Shabbat Shalom,
Rabbi Howard Morrison

Soon before my last year of rabbinical school, the seminary administrators took two baskets. In one, they placed the names of the upcoming seniors. In the other, they placed the names of the weekly Torah portions which would be read during the academic year. The Fall semester would begin with today's Parsha of Ki Tavo. Wouldn't you know it, the name of the student plucked from the corresponding basket for the first Shabbat of the school year was "Howard Morrison." Thus, Ki Tavo is very dear to me. It was my senior sermon Shabbat on which I delivered a sermon in front of faculty, classmates, family, and friends.

The portion is about "entering." Back in the Fall of 1986, for me, this Torah lesson was preparing me to enter the rabbinate and to begin a lifelong career, now, thirty-seven years in the congregational rabbinate, with twenty four of those years right here at Beth Emeth.

The Pshat, or plain meaning of the opening section, envisions the imminent time when the Children of Israel would enter the land of Israel and experience their first harvest. At Shavuot time, the Israelites would take baskets of first fruits and present them to the Kohen in the Tabernacle as a gift of gratitude for their lives, their history, and for the privilege of being in the promised land. Upon bringing the first fruits, our ancestors would recount their history, harkening back to the travails of Abraham and Jacob; enduring oppression in Egypt, and ultimately being liberated to the point of entering a land flowing with milk and honey, providing for the vulnerable of society, and rejoicing before God with what they had.

How relevant our Parsha is right now. Many of us are angry, sad, and grief stricken over the past year, and rightly so. However, we also need even more so to be grateful for our personal wellbeing, our families, and our community. We need to rejoice in our beautiful and historic synagogue. We have to celebrate that we have a State and Land of Israel over which to be concerned. While travel to Israel has been and continues to be challenging over this past year, anyone I have spoken to who has been to Israel has been only grateful and celebratory for the time they had, whether it was to visit family, volunteer, go on a solidarity mission, or just to be there.

Our tradition commands us not to rejoice at the downfall of our enemy. When we celebrate Pesach, we do not rejoice at the downfall of our foes, but we do celebrate our internal victory. While Israel has never wanted to be at war, we Jews around the world have a right to celebrate modestly what Israel accomplished this past week against Hezbolah in Lebanon. While over a hundred thousand Jews have been displaced from their homes in the North; while thousands of missiles have been hurled at Israel indiscriminately; while 12 Druze children were murdered indiscriminately while playing soccer a couple of months ago; while six Israelis were shot in the backs of their heads after surviving ten months in underground tunnels;  while the horrors perpetrated against our people on October 7^th were performed indiscriminately - - - - - Israel was precise and targeted this past week, using the latest in modern technology to explode pagers and walkie-talkies handled by Hezbolah terrorists. We do have reason to celebrate even briefly while confronting the worst year in Jewish history since the Shoah.

From the moment that our ancestors entered the land, they were honest about the challenges of their history. They recited their ups and downs out loud, even as they rejoiced with pride about their covenant with God and their place in the world as Israel. At Pesach time, we sit down and recite exactly what our agricultural ancestors recited when they first entered the land almost four thousand years ago. The Haggadah, based on the opening of today's Parsha, is framed by the Sages as "Matchil B'Gnut U'Mesayem B'Shevach - We begin with degradation but we end with praise." Our Jewish way has always had us be honest, open, and transparent, but to also always be positive, hopeful and affirming.

Now, we need that lesson more than ever. With the HHD approaching in under two weeks and challenges abounding in Israel and wherever Jews live, let us be honest, open, and transparent about our situation, but also to be positive, hopeful, and affirming.

Shabbat Shalom,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

"When you go out to war against your enemies," our Parsha begins. Most years, I prefer the homiletical interpretation of the enemy being within yourself. Now, three weeks before the onset of the High Holy Days, the enemy is us. We need to conquer those base animalistic drives within ourselves which motivate us to make bad decisions, and which hurt ourselves and those around us. The season of Teshuva, repentance, calls on us to take seriously the model of wherever possible to RECOGNIZE the wrong we have done, to express REMORSE, to RECITE our error, to make RESTITUTION by fixing the wrongdoing, and effecting ultimate RECONCILIATION with those whom we have wronged -The five R's of repentance.  Most years, this would be my message on Shabbat Ki Tetze, three weeks prior to Rosh Hashanah. It is still a message for this year with a significant "HOWEVER."

One cannot gloss over the plain reading of the Biblical words, "When you go out to war against your enemies." We are at war! We have enemies.  Israel is at war with Hamas, Hezbollah, Iran, and others. The global Jewish community is waging a war against anti-Semitism. How much of today's civilized world remembers the war thrust upon the U.S. 23 years ago on September 11th? We Jews know only too well that last October 7^th was comparable to many 9/11's in a single day.

Parshat Ki Tetze contains more Mitzvot than any single Parsha in the entire Torah. Depending on the source, either 72 or 74 of the 613 Mitzvot are found in this parsha. They cover everything including war, an extension of last week's parsha which contained a digest of Jewish war ethics (see my sermon from last week on our website). Interestingly, today's parsha reiterates a Mitzvah which originated last week. Today's text reads as follows: "When a man has taken a bride, he shall not go out with the army or be assigned to it for any purpose; he shall be exempt one year for the sake of his household, to give happiness to the woman he has married (Deut. 24:5)."

In Jewish law, the full year exemption for a newly married man applied only to a voluntary war, which is inapplicable these days.

In today's IDF, Jewish law would characterize Israel being in an obligatory war, defensive in nature, which does not exempt Israeli newly marrieds from service. However, in the past year, what I find inspirational are the many stories of weddings which have taken place during war time. Young Israeli men and women have learned how to celebrate their love in the midst of war. Stories abound about the creativity in providing a wedding dress, a Huppa, and the like.

Our tradition teaches us that once a wedding is scheduled, it goes on, even in a year of bereavement. The Talmud instructs that if a funeral and a wedding procession are coming your way at the same time, join the wedding procession. With out disrespect to the sadness, the first priority is to love and to celebrate the union of a wedding couple. This ideology is understood to this very day.

As the opening of the Parsha confronts war time situations, so does the end of the parsha, which is known to us because it is read on the Shabbat prior to Purim: 

"Remember what Amalek did to you on your journey, after you left Egypt . . . Do not forget." While the Mitzvah here is to remember specifically the war against Amalek, which descended to Haman, an Amalekite himself, we Jews are prone to remember war. The Haggadah has us focus on our confrontation with Pharaoh. The Haggadah also includes references to other persecutions in antiquity, such as with the Roman empire. The Kinnot, dirges recited on Tisha B'Av, contain references to all kinds of persecutions throughout Jewish history. On Yom Ha'Atzmaut, we remember the War of Independence. On Yom Yerushalayim, we remember the Six Day War. Who does not recollect the 1973 Yom Kippur war every year on our holiest day? I am certain that when the dust clears, and we have some historical perspective, the October 7^th war, being waged right now, will also find its place in the annals of Jewish remembrance.

Yes, each of us needs to fight the internal war against our personal demons. I wish that were my only message this year on this Shabbat. As important if not more so, each of us needs to unite and join together in the fight which threatens the very fabric of our homeland and our heritage wherever Jews dwell on this earth.

Shabbat Shalom,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

"War and Peace" - The ethics of the IDF

The origin of Jewish warfare ethics stems from today's portion of Shoftim. The Torah clearly states that when the Israelites were to approach a city to wage battle, it first had to do everything possible to achieve peace and avoid war. When the Torah requires the sparing of fruit bearing trees, this Mitzvah includes sparing civilians and allowing an open path for them to escape.

Subsequent Jewish law is succinctly explained by Maimonides and others. Jewish law distinguishes between optional war, which is unfunctional today. It required monarchy and expansion of borders. Rather, what is functional today is called obligatory war, which is defensive in nature.

The same Torah law we read about this morning is preserved throughout history to this very day. Aspirations for genuine peace and the safety of civilians are paramount.

I firmly believe that the IDF has always adhered to such Torah values. Peace has always been first and foremost. When peace has been unavoidable, Israel has enabled safe passages for civilians and issued warnings of eventual conflict thru leaflets and social media. What other nation gives such warning in advance?

Israel, like no other, tries to avoid civilian loss at all costs. Contrast Israel's ethics to its beastly enemies:

It is just tragic and inexplicable that evil Hamas brutally murdered Hersh Goldberg-Polin, Eden Yerushalmi, Carmel Gat, Almog Sarusi, Alex Lobanov, and Ori Danino - when they were miraculously still alive two days before being brutally slain.

It is just tragic and inexplicable that murder and hostage taking took place at all on October 7th.

It is just tragic and inexplicable that evil Hamas and Hezbollah conceal terrorists and weaponry amongst civilians and underneath alleged hospitals, schools, and mosques. 

It is just tragic and inexplicable that evil terrorists block passage from harm to safety among its member population.

With the beginning of Elul, and the HHD under a month away, we continue to strive for peace, the release of our remaining hostages, and a cessation of war.

Let us be proud of the IDF, most of whom are young people serving on the front lines North and South.

Let us mourn the hundreds of IDF personnel lost in the past eleven months.

Let us mourn the six precious souls whose lives were taken last week, and the many other hostage souls whose lives have been taken over the past eleven months. 

Let us mourn all the precious innocent lives which have been taken on October 7^th and beyond by acts of terror and evil.

A week ago while in the U.S., I, a retiree of the U.S. Air Force chaplaincy, was invited to meet with a group of American military retirees. Many took great risk in World War II, Vietnam, and the Gulf War. Many lost comrades in arms. The ones I met are truly heroes.

So too, our IDF personnel, past and present, are heroes. We support them with pride and cherish the memories of their comrades in arms.

Nobody wants war. Our Torah and tradition are realistic about the extreme conequences of  free choice. Israel's situation now with Hamas, Hezbolah, Lebanon, and Iran has left no alternative.

Unlike the evil and terror perpetrated by others, ours is an ethical approach, defensive and thus obligatory in nature, in which Israel tries to protect innocent civilians in situations where the enemy does not protect its own. 

May the conclusion of 5784 bring about a culmination of the last eleven months. 

May the rest of our hostages come back home and hopefully alive.

May the efforts, prayers  and sounds for genuine peace be at last heard and fulfilled.

Am Yisrael Chai!

Shabbat Shalom 

Rabbi Howard Morrison

When 21 of us visited Israel this past May on a solidarity mission, one of the most moving experiences was hearing Rachel Goldberg-Polin. She addressed our group and some others at the Ramah Israel Institute, which had organized our mission. At that time, Rachel, a mother concerned about the plight of her son Hersh, was inspiring us with her hope, faith, and optimism.

Now, less than a week ago, she, her family, and the Jewish people had her positive ideals transformed into grief, pain, and sadness, as Hersh and five others (names posted in yesterday's blog) were brutally slain by pure evil after hopes had been high for their return just a couple of days prior to their deaths.

In her amazing eulogetic tribute about her son, Rachel was thankful for the privilege of being Hersh's mom. She exclaimed that he was the perfect son for her. She prayed that her son's soul needs to help herself, her family, and the Jewish people to be strong and to survive.

Rachel's ability to speak with raw emotion, combined with authentic passion and words of inspiration, will be something I will always remember. Over the past eleven months, she and her son, now of blessed memory, stood as symbols of the entire hostage community and the will of the Jewish people. 

As six families mourn the loss of loved ones, they are joined by the entire people of Israel. We pray that the deaths and the grief will not have been in vain. We continue to pray and aspire for the day when the now 101 hostages are returned home, and the evil of Hamas will be eradicated.

Shabbat Shalom,
Rabbi Howard Morrison

This week while in the U.S., I attended a meeting of American retired military personnel. Being among the youngest, I met wonderful men, some of whom served in World War II, Vietnam, and the Gulf War. These men represented army, air force, navy, marines, and the coast guard. Many shared their stories of bravery in which they survived but in which colleagues of theirs paid the ultimate price.

The meeting made me think of the IDF, not only of the last eleven months but going back to Israel's earliest days.We have amazing heroes who stood side by side with colleagues who paid the ultimate price 

Now, thinking of the past year, I can imagine the stories which will be told years from now of great heroes who lost colleagues paying the ultimate price.

As Israel confronts enemies on all sides, may we always support with pride the members of the IDF and cherish the memories of the IDF's fallen.

Shabbat Shalom,
Rabbi Howard Morrison

The last ten months have been overwhelming, to say the least. On the Jewish calendar, we have just completed observing Tisha B'Av, the saddest day of the Jewish year.

The Shabbat which follows is called Shabbat Nachamu, the Sabbath of comfort. It begins a series of seven weeks of comfort. On this coming Shabbat Nachamu, we will celebrate an Aufruf and a Bat Mitzvah. It should also be noted that this Friday marks the yahrzeit for Chazzan Louis Danto, zichrono l'veracha.

May the coming days and weeks of comfort include peace for Israel and the world Jewish community. May we celebrate Semachot, joyous occasions, and remember loved ones proudly.

Shabbat Shalom,
Rabbi Howard Morrison

Next Monday night and Tuesday are the Fast Day of Tisha B'Av.

Classically, this saddest date on the Jewish calendar commemorates the destruction of both, the First and Second Temples of Jerusalem.

The Mishna enumerates five calamities which befell our people on Tisha B'Av, including the divine edict that the generation which experienced the Exodus from Egypt would not enter the Promised Land after the episode of the spies.

It is noteworthy to consider that other calamities occurred on the date of Tisha B'Av including the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290 and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492.

Tisha B'Av has become a sad day to recall all Jewish historical suffering. The Kinot, elegies, which have been composed over the centuries, cover many eras of persecution. Kinot were even composed after the Shoah. We will recite one of them on Tisha B'Av morning.

This year, we and many other synagogues will add dirges for October 7 and its aftermath.

The name of the book of Lamentations is Eicha, literally, "How!?", to which there is no adequate response. Knowing this, our Sages revocalized EICHA into the word AYE'KA, which means "where are you?" The origin of "where are you?" appears after Adam and Eve eat of the forbidden fruit.

We may not be able to answer the "How" of our history of tragedy. We can answer " Where are you?" during times of peril. Where are we now? - what are we doing to support Israel and help stem the tide of anti-Semitism?

Where will you be Monday night and Tuesday? I invite you to join us at Beth Emeth.

Shabbat Shalom,

Rabbi Howard Morrison

There are two forms of bereavement in Judaism, personal and national.

When confronting personal loss, our tradition progresses from the severity of restrictions toward a gradual return to the normalcy of daily life, thus the progression from funeral to shiva, shloshim and the year.

Currently, the Jewish calendar has us undergoing three weeks of national bereavement from the 17th of Tammuz, last Tuesday, through Tisha B'Av. The restrictions are the opposite or mirror image of those from personal bereavement. After a minor Fast, restrictions progress gradually until the last nine days and the major Fast of Tisha B'Av itself.

Last Wednesday, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu addressed American leaders. In the audience, he had invited Israelis representing different ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Israel is certainly a multi- ethnic and cultural democratic country.

Tragically, this past weekend, twelve Israeli Druze CHILDREN lost their lives while playing on a soccer field in Northern Israel, from a Hezbollah launched missile.

Our national bereavement this year is for all of Israel, Jews and non-Jews who have made the ultimate sacrifice over the last ten months specifically and throughout our history more generally.

This year, the national grief of Summer does not seem to progress from minor to major notwithstanding the evolution of ritual practices during these three weeks. Our grief, anger, and loss are overwhelming.

We extend condolences to all who have suffered horrific devastation.

Yhi Zichram Baruch - May the memories of the fallen be a blessing.

Rabbi Howard Morrison